Genealogical Bewilderment in Egg Donation: A Fertility Psychologist's Perspective

As a fertility psychologist with over two decades of experience, I've had the privilege of guiding countless individuals and families through family planning and its psychological implications. In this article, we'll explore a critical aspect of this field that often goes underdiscussed: the concept of genealogical bewilderment and its impact on those conceived through donor eggs or adoption.

The quest for understanding one's origins is a fundamental human drive, deeply rooted in our need for identity and belonging. For most people, this understanding comes naturally, inherited through family stories, shared physical traits, and a clear lineage. However, for those who have been adopted or conceived through donor gametes, this journey can be far more complex and emotionally charged.

In my work, I've witnessed firsthand the effects that uncertainty about one's biological origins can have on an individual's sense of self and emotional well-being. This article aims to shed light on these challenges, offer insights into the psychological processes at play, and provide guidance for parents navigating this terrain with their children.

As we delve into this topic, we'll explore the origins of the term "genealogical bewilderment," its psychological implications, and the evolving landscape of societal attitudes and legal frameworks surrounding donor conception and adoption. We'll also discuss strategies for fostering a strong sense of identity and belonging in children who may face these unique challenges.

Understanding genealogical bewilderment

Genealogical bewilderment is a term used to describe the psychological confusion and distress experienced by individuals who are uncertain about their biological origins. This concept is typically applied in the context of adopted children but it can also apply to other scenarios such as donor-conceived individuals, where individuals are disconnected from their biological heritage.

The term "genealogical bewilderment" was coined in 1964 by psychologist H. J. Sants to describe the difficulties faced by children who have uncertain, little, or no knowledge of one or both of their biological parents. Sants argued that genealogical bewilderment constituted a large part of the additional stress that adoptees experienced that is not experienced by children being raised by their biological parents.

How genealogical bewilderment can impact mental health

There can be negative psychological implications of not knowing one's origins. Without knowledge of one’s heritage, an individual can have difficulty forming a clear and cohesive sense of identity leading them to struggle to understand who they are and where they fit in, which can impact their self-concept, self-esteem and emotional well-being. And this ongoing uncertainty about one’s biological origins can lead to chronic anxiety, stress, and depression. Feelings of loss and grief can also be common.

As a mental health professional with expertise in identity development and donor conceived related issues, psychologists can provide valuable insights and support to individuals experiencing genealogical bewilderment. 

Societal and legal influences

Societal attitudes and legal changes regarding third party reproduction can influence the extent and nature of genealogical bewilderment. In some instances, there may be more openness and support for donor-conceived individuals seeking their biological origins. While in others, there may be stigma or secrecy leading to anxiety, stress, trust and attachment issues.

The role of genetics in identity formation

Genetics plays a significant role in identity formation, influencing various aspects of our physical appearance, temperament, and predispositions. However, identity is also shaped by environmental factors, experiences, personal choices, and social interactions. The interplay between genetics and environment (nature vs nurture) is complex and dynamic, making identity formation a unique and individualized process.

Non-genetic parenthood presents unique challenges alongside the typical joys and responsibilities of raising a child. A major challenge, and one that is talked about the most is disclosure. Deciding when and how to disclose can feel overwhelming and scary. Non-genetic parents may believe that they will have difficulties bonding with their child or may be worried that they or their child will face societal stigma and judgment. But with open communication, managing expectations, education, and a willingness to address these challenges head-on, one can overcome these challenges.

Fostering a sense of belonging and identity

So how can you instill a sense of belonging, confidence, and trust and avoid this genealogical bewilderment? Maintain open, honest, and age-appropriate communication with your child about their biological origins. Encourage questions and provide clear, consistent answers. But in order to be able to do that, educate yourself - and others - about the unique dynamics of your family structure. Build a strong support system. This can include extended family, friends, support groups, and community resources that understand and support your family structure. Consider family therapy or counseling to address any challenges or conflicts that arise. Most importantly, teach your child to be proud of their unique family structure and heritage, fostering a positive self-identity.  At the end of the day, you know what’s best because after all, this is your child.